| 48:1 | Transliteration Inna fatahna laka fathanmubeena Sahih International Indeed, We have given you, [O Muhammad], a clear conquest Muhsin Khan Verily, We have given you (O Muhammad SAW) a manifest victory. Yusuf Ali Verily We have granted thee a manifest Victory: Dr. Ghali Surely We have given you an evident conquest, (Literally: conquered for you; or: opened for you) Tafsir al-Jalalayn Verily We have given you, We have ordained [for you] the conquest (fath) of Mecca, and other places in the future by force, as a result of your struggle, a clear victory, [one that is] plain and manifest; | | 48:2 | Transliteration Liyaghfira laka Allahu mataqaddama min thanbika wama taakhkhara wayutimmaniAAmatahu AAalayka wayahdiyaka siratan mustaqeema Sahih International That Allah may forgive for you what preceded of your sin and what will follow and complete His favor upon you and guide you to a straight path Muhsin Khan That Allah may forgive you your sins of the past and the future, and complete His Favour on you, and guide you on the Straight Path; Yusuf Ali That Allah may forgive thee thy faults of the past and those to follow; fulfil His favour tothee; and guide thee on the Straight Way; Dr. Ghali That Allah may forgive you your guilty (deeds)-whatever of them has gone forward and whatever is postponed-and perfect His favor upon you, and guide you (The Prophet) on a straight Path, Tafsir al-Jalalayn that God may forgive you, by virtue of your struggle, what is past of your sin and what is to come, of it, so that your community might then desire to struggle [like you] — this [verse] also constitutes a justification of the [concept of the] infallibility (‘isma) of prophets, peace be upon them, against sin, by way of a definitive rational proof (the l?m [in li-yaghfira, ‘that He may forgive’] is for [indicating] the ultimate reason [for the conquest], so that the content [of this latter statement] constitutes an effect and not the cause), and that He may perfect, by way of the mentioned victory, His favour to you and guide you, thereby, to a straight path, upon which He will confirm you — and this [straight path] is the religion of Islam; | | 48:3 | Transliteration Wayansuraka Allahu nasranAAazeeza Sahih International And [that] Allah may aid you with a mighty victory. Muhsin Khan And that Allah may help you with strong help. Yusuf Ali And that Allah may help thee with powerful help. Dr. Ghali And that Allah may vindicate you with a mighty victory. Tafsir al-Jalalayn and that God may grant you, therein, a mighty victory, one of glory, involving no humiliation. | | 48:4 | Transliteration Huwa allathee anzala assakeenatafee quloobi almu/mineena liyazdadoo eemanan maAAaeemanihim walillahi junoodu assamawatiwal-ardi wakana Allahu AAaleeman hakeema Sahih International It is He who sent down tranquillity into the hearts of the believers that they would increase in faith along with their [present] faith. And to Allah belong the soldiers of the heavens and the earth, and ever is Allah Knowing and Wise. Muhsin Khan He it is Who sent down As-Sakinah (calmness and tranquillity) into the hearts of the believers, that they may grow more in Faith along with their (present) Faith. And to Allah belong the hosts of the heavens and the earth, and Allah is Ever All-Knower, All-Wise. Yusuf Ali It is He Who sent down tranquillity into the hearts of the Believers, that they may add faith to their faith;- for to Allah belong the Forces of the heavens and the earth; and Allah is Full of Knowledge and Wisdom;- Dr. Ghali He is (The One) Who has sent down serenity (or: tranquility) in the hearts of the believers, that they may increase in belief (added) to their belief; and to Allah belong the hosts of the heavens and the earth; and Allah has been Ever-Knowing, Ever-Wise. Tafsir al-Jalalayn He it is Who sent down the spirit of Peace, [Divine] reassurance, into the hearts of the believers, that they might add faith to their faith, by way of [their embracing of] the legal stipulations of religion: for every time He revealed one [of these], they would believe in it — including the [command to] struggle. And to God belong the hosts of the heavens and the earth, and so if He wanted to bring victory to His religion by means of others, He would have done so. And God is ever Knower, of His creatures, Wise, in His actions, in other words, He is ever possessed of such attributes; | | 48:5 | Transliteration Liyudkhila almu/mineena walmu/minatijannatin tajree min tahtiha al-anharukhalideena feeha wayukaffira AAanhum sayyi-atihimwakana thalika AAinda Allahi fawzan AAatheema Sahih International [And] that He may admit the believing men and the believing women to gardens beneath which rivers flow to abide therein eternally and remove from them their misdeeds - and ever is that, in the sight of Allah , a great attainment - Muhsin Khan That He may admit the believing men and the believing women to Gardens under which rivers flow (i.e. Paradise), to abide therein forever, and to expiate from them their sins, and that is with Allah, a supreme success, Yusuf Ali That He may admit the men and women who believe, to Gardens beneath which rivers flow, to dwell therein for aye, and remove their ills from them;- and that is, in the sight of Allah, the highest achievement (for man),- Dr. Ghali That He may cause the male believers and the female believers to enter Gardens from beneath which the rivers run, eternally (abiding) therein, and expiate for them their odious deeds; and that is in the Providence of Allah a magnificent triumph. Tafsir al-Jalalayn so that He may admit (li-yudkhila is semantically connected to an omitted clause, that is to say, amara bi’l-jih?d, ‘He has enjoined the struggle [so that He may admit]’) the believing men and believing women into gardens underneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide, and that He may absolve them of their misdeeds; for that, in God’s sight, is a supreme triumph; | | 48:6 | Transliteration WayuAAaththiba almunafiqeena walmunafiqatiwalmushrikeena walmushrikati aththanneenabillahi thanna assaw-iAAalayhim da-iratu assaw-i waghadiba AllahuAAalayhim walaAAanahum waaAAadda lahum jahannama wasaat maseera Sahih International And [that] He may punish the hypocrite men and hypocrite women, and the polytheist men and polytheist women - those who assume about Allah an assumption of evil nature. Upon them is a misfortune of evil nature; and Allah has become angry with them and has cursed them and prepared for them Hell, and evil it is as a destination. Muhsin Khan And that He may punish the Munafiqun (hypocrites), men and women, and also the Mushrikun men and women, who think evil thoughts about Allah, for them is a disgraceful torment, and the Anger of Allah is upon them, and He has cursed them and prepared Hell for them, and worst indeed is that destination. Yusuf Ali And that He may punish the Hypocrites, men and women, and the Polytheists men and women, who imagine an evil opinion of Allah. On them is a round of Evil: the Wrath of Allah is on them: He has cursed them and got Hell ready for them: and evil is it for a destination. Dr. Ghali And that He may torment the male hypocrites and the female hypocrites, and the male associators and the female associators, (i.e., those who associate others with Allah) the ones surmising ill surmises of Allah. Against them will be the woeful turn of fortune; and Allah h is angry with them and has cursed them and has prepared for them Hell-and what an odious Destiny! Tafsir al-Jalalayn and so that He may chastise the hypocrites, men and women, and the idolaters, men and women, and those who make evil assumptions about God (read al-saw’ or al-s?’, ‘evil’, in all three places); they assumed that He will not assist Muhammad (s) and the believers. For them will be an evil turn of fortune, by way of abasement and chastisement; and God is wroth with them, and He has cursed them, He has banished them [far from His mercy], and has prepared for them Hell — and it is an evil destination!, [an evil] place to return to. | | 48:7 | Transliteration Walillahi junoodu assamawatiwal-ardi wakana Allahu AAazeezan hakeema Sahih International And to Allah belong the soldiers of the heavens and the earth. And ever is Allah Exalted in Might and Wise. Muhsin Khan And to Allah belong the hosts of the heavens and the earth. And Allah is Ever All-Knower, All-Wise. Yusuf Ali For to Allah belong the Forces of the heavens and the earth; and Allah is Exalted in Power, Full of Wisdom. Dr. Ghali And to Allah belong the hosts of the heavens and the earth, and Allah has been Ever-Mighty, Ever-Wise. Tafsir al-Jalalayn And to God belong the hosts of the heavens and the earth; and God is ever Mighty, in His kingdom, Wise, in His actions, in other words, He is ever possessed of such attributes. | | 48:8 | Transliteration Inna arsalnaka shahidanwamubashshiran wanatheera Sahih International Indeed, We have sent you as a witness and a bringer of good tidings and a warner Muhsin Khan Verily, We have sent you (O Muhammad SAW) as a witness, as a bearer of glad tidings, and as a warner. Yusuf Ali We have truly sent thee as a witness, as a bringer of Glad Tidings, and as a Warner: Dr. Ghali Surely We have sent you as a witness, and a bearer of good tidings, and a constant warrner, Tafsir al-Jalalayn Indeed We have sent you as a witness, against your community at the Resurrection, and a bearer of good tidings, to them in this world, and a warner, to threaten those in it who do evil with [the punishment of] the Fire; | | 48:9 | Transliteration Litu/minoo billahi warasoolihiwatuAAazziroohu watuwaqqiroohu watusabbihoohu bukratan waaseela Sahih International That you [people] may believe in Allah and His Messenger and honor him and respect the Prophet and exalt Allah morning and afternoon. Muhsin Khan In order that you (O mankind) may believe in Allah and His Messenger (SAW), and that you assist and honour him (SAW), and (that you) glorify (Allah's) praises morning and afternoon. Yusuf Ali In order that ye (O men) may believe in Allah and His Messenger, that ye may assist and honour Him, and celebrate His praise morning and evening. Dr. Ghali That you may believe in Allah and His Messenger, and (readily) rally to Him, and reverence Him, and extol Him before sunrise and before sunset. Tafsir al-Jalalayn that you may believe (li-tu’min?, may also here be read li-yu’min?, ‘that they may believe’; and similarly read either the second person plural or the third person plural in the next three instances) in God and His Messenger, and that you may support Him (tu‘azzir?hu: a variant reading has tu‘azziz?hu) and revere Him (the [third person suffixed] pronoun [-hu, ‘him’] may refer either to God or to His Messenger) and glorify Him, that is, God, morning and evening. | | 48:10 | Transliteration Inna allatheena yubayiAAoonakainnama yubayiAAoona Allaha yadu Allahifawqa aydeehim faman nakatha fa-innama yankuthu AAalanafsihi waman awfa bima AAahada AAalayhu Allahafasayu/teehi ajran AAatheema Sahih International Indeed, those who pledge allegiance to you, [O Muhammad] - they are actually pledging allegiance to Allah . The hand of Allah is over their hands. So he who breaks his word only breaks it to the detriment of himself. And he who fulfills that which he has promised Allah - He will give him a great reward. Muhsin Khan Verily, those who give Bai'a (pledge) to you (O Muhammad SAW) they are giving Bai'a (pledge) to Allah. The Hand of Allah is over their hands. Then whosoever breaks his pledge, breaks only to his own harm, and whosoever fulfills what he has covenanted with Allah, He will bestow on him a great reward. Yusuf Ali Verily those who plight their fealty to thee do no less than plight their fealty to Allah: the Hand of Allah is over their hands: then any one who violates his oath, does so to the harm of his own soul, and any one who fulfils what he has covenanted with Allah,- Allah will soon grant him a great Reward. Dr. Ghali Surely the ones who swear allegiance to you, surely swear allegiance only to Allah; the Hand of Allah is above their hands. So, whoever breaches (his oath), then he breaches against himself; and whoever fulfils what he has covenanted with Allah, then He will soon bring him a magnificent reward. Tafsir al-Jalalayn Truly those who pledge allegiance to you, the ‘Pledge of Beatitude’ (bay‘at al-ridw?n) given at al-Hudaybiyya, in fact pledge allegiance to God — this [statement] is akin to: Whoever obeys the Messenger, verily obeys God [Q. 4:80]. The Hand of God is above their hands, [the hands] with which they pledged allegiance to the Prophet, in other words, God, exalted be He, has observed their pledge of allegiance and will requite them in accordance with [their adherence to] it. So whoever reneges, [whoever] breaches the pledge, reneges — [that is] the evil consequences of his breach will eventually be — against his own soul; and whoever fulfils the covenant which he has made with God, He will give him (fa-sa-yu’t?hi; or read fa-sa-nu’t?hi, ‘We will give him’) a great reward. | | 48:11 | Transliteration Sayaqoolu laka almukhallafoona mina al-aAArabishaghalatna amwaluna waahloona fastaghfirlana yaqooloona bi-alsinatihim ma laysa feequloobihim qul faman yamliku lakum mina Allahi shay-an inarada bikum darran aw arada bikum nafAAanbal kana Allahu bima taAAmaloona khabeera Sahih International Those who remained behind of the bedouins will say to you, "Our properties and our families occupied us, so ask forgiveness for us." They say with their tongues what is not within their hearts. Say, "Then who could prevent Allah at all if He intended for you harm or intended for you benefit? Rather, ever is Allah , with what you do, Acquainted. Muhsin Khan Those of the bedouins who lagged behind will say to you: "Our possessions and our families occupied us, so ask forgiveness for us." They say with their tongues what is not in their hearts. Say: "Who then has any power at all (to intervene) on your behalf with Allah, if He intends you hurt or intends you benefit? Nay, but Allah is Ever All-Aware of what you do. Yusuf Ali The desert Arabs who lagged behind will say to thee: "We were engaged in (looking after) our flocks and herds, and our families: do thou then ask forgiveness for us." They say with their tongues what is not in their hearts. Say: "Who then has any power at all (to intervene) on your behalf with Allah, if His Will is to give you some loss or to give you some profit? But Allah is well acquainted with all that ye do. Dr. Ghali The Arabs of the desert who were left behind will soon say to you, "Our riches and our families occupied us; so ask forgiveness for us!" They say with their tongues what is not in their hearts. Say, "Then who can possess for you anything from Allah, in case He wills harm for you, or He wills profit for you? No indeed, (but) Allah has been Ever-Cognizant of whatever you do. Tafsir al-Jalalayn Those of the Bedouins who were left behind, around Medina — that is to say, those whom God made to stay behind and not to accompany you when you had asked them to set out with you for Mecca, fearing that Quraysh would attack you upon your return, in the year of al-Hudaybiyya — will say to you, ‘Our possessions and our families kept us occupied, [preventing us] from going forth with you. So ask forgiveness for us!’, of God, for our failure to go forth with you. God, exalted be He, exposes their mendacity by saying: They say with their tongues, that is to say, in asking forgiveness, and in the preceding statement [of theirs], what is not in their hearts, and so they are lying in the excuse which they give. Say: ‘Who can (an interrogative meant [rhetorically] as a negation, that is to say, ‘none [can]’) avail you anything against God should He desire to cause you harm (read darran or durran) or desire to bring you benefit? Nay, but God is ever Aware of what you do, in other words, He is ever possessed of such an attribute. | | 48:12 | Transliteration Bal thanantum an lan yanqalibaarrasoolu walmu/minoona ila ahleehimabadan wazuyyina thalika fee quloobikum wathanantumthanna assaw-i wakuntum qawman boora Sahih International But you thought that the Messenger and the believers would never return to their families, ever, and that was made pleasing in your hearts. And you assumed an assumption of evil and became a people ruined." Muhsin Khan "Nay, but you thought that the Messenger (SAW) and the believers would never return to their families; and that was made fair-seeming in their hearts, and you did think an evil thought and you became a useless people going for destruction." Yusuf Ali "Nay, ye thought that the Messenger and the Believers would never return to their families; this seemed pleasing in your hearts, and ye conceived an evil thought, for ye are a people lost (in wickedness)." Dr. Ghali No indeed, (but) you surmised that the Messenger and the believers would never come over to their own families at all, and that was adorned (i.e., made alluring) in your hearts, and you surmised woeful surmises, and you were a futile people." Tafsir al-Jalalayn Nay (bal in both instances marks a transition from one subject to another), but you thought that the Messenger and the believers would never return to their families, and that [thought] was adorned in your hearts, that is to say, [you thought] that they would be annihilated by being slain and would not return, and you thought evil thoughts, that [just mentioned], and other things, and you were a ruined lot’ (b?r is the plural of b?’ir), in other words, [a lot to be] destroyed according to God for [having entertained] such [evil] thoughts. | | 48:13 | Transliteration Waman lam yu/min billahiwarasoolihi fa-inna aAAtadna lilkafireenasaAAeera Sahih International And whoever has not believed in Allah and His Messenger - then indeed, We have prepared for the disbelievers a Blaze. Muhsin Khan And whosoever does not believe in Allah and His Messenger (Muhammad SAW), then verily, We have prepared for the disbelievers a blazing Fire. Yusuf Ali And if any believe not in Allah and His Messenger, We have prepared, for those who reject Allah, a Blazing Fire! Dr. Ghali And whoever does not believe in Allah and His Messenger, then surely We have readied for the disbelievers a Blaze. Tafsir al-Jalalayn And whoever does not believe in God and His Messenger, We have prepared for the disbelievers a blaze, a severe fire. | | 48:14 | Transliteration Walillahi mulku assamawatiwal-ardi yaghfiru liman yashao wayuAAaththibuman yashao wakana Allahu ghafooran raheema Sahih International And to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth. He forgives whom He wills and punishes whom He wills. And ever is Allah Forgiving and Merciful. Muhsin Khan And to Allah belongs the sovereignty of the heavens and the earth, He forgives whom He wills, and punishes whom He wills. And Allah is Ever Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. Yusuf Ali To Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth: He forgives whom He wills, and He punishes whom He wills: but Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. Dr. Ghali And to Allah belongs the Kingdom of the heavens and of the earth; He forgives whomever He decides, and He torments whomever He decides; and Allah has been Ever-Forgiving, Ever-Merciful. Tafsir al-Jalalayn And to God belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth: He forgives whomever He will and chastises whomever He will; and God is ever Forgiving, Merciful, that is to say, He is ever possessed of the attributes mentioned. | | 48:15 | Transliteration Sayaqoolu almukhallafoona itha intalaqtumila maghanima lita/khuthooha tharoonanattabiAAkum yureedoona an yubaddiloo kalama Allahiqul lan tattabiAAoona kathalikum qala Allahumin qablu fasayaqooloona bal tahsudoonana bal kanoola yafqahoona illa qaleela Sahih International Those who remained behind will say when you set out toward the war booty to take it, "Let us follow you." They wish to change the words of Allah . Say, "Never will you follow us. Thus did Allah say before." So they will say, "Rather, you envy us." But [in fact] they were not understanding except a little. Muhsin Khan Those who lagged behind will say, when you set forth to take the spoils, "Allow us to follow you," They want to change Allah's Words. Say: "You shall not follow us; thus Allah has said beforehand." Then they will say: "Nay, you envy us." Nay, but they understand not except a little. Yusuf Ali Those who lagged behind (will say), when ye (are free to) march and take booty (in war): "Permit us to follow you." They wish to change Allah's decree: Say: "Not thus will ye follow us: Allah has already declared (this) beforehand": then they will say, "But ye are jealous of us." Nay, but little do they understand (such things). Dr. Ghali The ones who were left behind will soon say, when you go off after booty (The Arabic word is plural) to take it, "Give us leave to follow you closely, " willing to exchange the Speech of Allah (for their own lies). Say, "You will never closely follow us; even thus Allah said earlier." Then they will soon say, "No indeed, (but) you envy us." No indeed, (but) they have not comprehended except a little. Tafsir al-Jalalayn Those, mentioned, who were left behind will say, when you set forth after spoils, namely, the spoils of Khaybar, in order to capture them, ‘Let us follow you’, that we might [also] take a share of it. They desire, thereby, to change the words of God (kal?ma’Ll?hi: a variant reading has kalima’Ll?hi), in other words, His promising of the spoils of Khaybar exclusively for those who were at al-Hudaybiyya. Say: ‘You shall never follow us! Thus has God said beforehand’, that is, prior to our return. Then they will say, ‘Nay, but you are envious of us’, lest we might acquire a share of the spoils, and therefore you say this [that you say]. Nay, but they never understood, anything of religion, [all] except a few, of them. | | 48:16 | Transliteration Qul lilmukhallafeena mina al-aAArabisatudAAawna ila qawmin olee ba/sin shadeedin tuqatiloonahumaw yuslimoona fa-in tuteeAAoo yu/tikumu Allahuajran hasanan wa-in tatawallaw kama tawallaytum minqablu yuAAaththibkum AAathaban aleema Sahih International Say to those who remained behind of the bedouins, "You will be called to [face] a people of great military might; you may fight them, or they will submit. So if you obey, Allah will give you a good reward; but if you turn away as you turned away before, He will punish you with a painful punishment." Muhsin Khan Say (O Muhammad SAW) to the bedouins who lagged behind: "You shall be called to fight against a people given to great warfare, then you shall fight them, or they shall surrender. Then if you obey, Allah will give you a fair reward, but if you turn away as you did turn away before, He will punish you with a painful torment." Yusuf Ali Say to the desert Arabs who lagged behind: "Ye shall be summoned (to fight) against a people given to vehement war: then shall ye fight, or they shall submit. Then if ye show obedience, Allah will grant you a goodly reward, but if ye turn back as ye did before, He will punish you with a grievous Penalty." Dr. Ghali Say to the Arabs (of the desert) who were left behind, "You will soon be called against a people endowed with strict violence to fight them, or they surrender. So, in case you obey, Allah will bring you a fair reward, and in case you turn away, as you did turn away earlier, He will torment you with a painful torment." Tafsir al-Jalalayn Say to those of the Bedouins, mentioned, who were left behind, to test them: ‘You shall be called against a people possessed of great might — these are said to have been the [tribe of] Ban? Han?fa, the inhabitants of [the region of] al-Yam?ma; but it is also said that these were the Persians and the Byzantines — you shall fight them (tuq?til?nahum is a circumstancial qualifier referring to an implied [future] situation, which constitutes that to which the ‘call’ will be made); or they will submit, so that you will not [have to] fight. So if you obey, [the command] to fight them, God will give you a good reward; but if you turn away like you turned away before, He will chastise you with a painful chastisement’. | | 48:17 | Transliteration Laysa AAala al-aAAma harajunwala AAala al-aAAraji harajun walaAAala almareedi harajun waman yutiAAiAllaha warasoolahu yudkhilhu jannatin tajree min tahtihaal-anharu waman yatawalla yuAAaththibhu AAathabanaleema Sahih International There is not upon the blind any guilt or upon the lame any guilt or upon the ill any guilt [for remaining behind]. And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger - He will admit him to gardens beneath which rivers flow; but whoever turns away - He will punish him with a painful punishment. Muhsin Khan No blame or sin is there upon the blind, nor is there blame or sin upon the lame, nor is there blame or sin upon the sick (that they go not forth to war). And whosoever obeys Allah and His Messenger (Muhammad SAW), He will admit him to Gardens beneath which rivers flow (Paradise); and whosoever turns back, He will punish him with a painful torment. Yusuf Ali No blame is there on the blind, nor is there blame on the lame, nor on one ill (if he joins not the war): But he that obeys Allah and his Messenger,- (Allah) will admit him to Gardens beneath which rivers flow; and he who turns back, (Allah) will punish him with a grievous Penalty. Dr. Ghali There is no objection (Literally: restring) on the blind, nor is there objection (Literally: restring) on the lame, nor is there objection on the sick (if they do not go out to fight). And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, He will cause him to enter Gardens from beneath which rivers run; and whoever turns away, He will torment him with a painful torment. Tafsir al-Jalalayn There is no blame on the blind, nor [is there] blame on the lame, nor [is there] blame on the sick, to refrain from [participating in] the struggle. And whoever obeys God and His Messenger, He will admit him (read yudkhilhu, or nudkhilhu, ‘We will admit him’) into gardens underneath which rivers flow; and whoever turns away, him He will chastise (read yu‘adhdhibhu, or nu‘adhdhibhu, ‘him We will chastise’) with a painful chastisement. | | 48:18 | Transliteration Laqad radiya Allahu AAanialmu/mineena ith yubayiAAoonaka tahta ashshajaratifaAAalima ma fee quloobihim faanzala asakeenataAAalayhim waathabahum fathan qareeba Sahih International Certainly was Allah pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to you, [O Muhammad], under the tree, and He knew what was in their hearts, so He sent down tranquillity upon them and rewarded them with an imminent conquest Muhsin Khan Indeed, Allah was pleased with the believers when they gave their Bai'a (pledge) to you (O Muhammad SAW) under the tree, He knew what was in their hearts, and He sent down As-Sakinah (calmness and tranquillity) upon them, and He rewarded them with a near victory, Yusuf Ali Allah's Good Pleasure was on the Believers when they swore Fealty to thee under the Tree: He knew what was in their hearts, and He sent down Tranquillity to them; and He rewarded them with a speedy Victory; Dr. Ghali Indeed Allah has already been satisfied with the believers as they were swearing allegiance to you beneath the tree. So He knew what was in their hearts, then He sent down serenity upon them, and requited them with a near conquest. Tafsir al-Jalalayn Verily God was pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to you, at al-Hudaybiyya, under the tree, this was an acacia — they [these believers] numbered 1300 or more; he took an oath of allegiance from them that they would fight against Quraysh and not [attempt to] flee from death. And He, God, knew what was in their hearts, of sincerity and loyalty, so He sent down the spirit of Peace upon them, and rewarded them with a near victory, which was the conquest of Khaybar, following their departure from al-Hudaybiyya, | | 48:19 | Transliteration Wamaghanima katheeratan ya/khuthoonahawakana Allahu AAazeezan hakeema Sahih International And much war booty which they will take. And ever is Allah Exalted in Might and Wise. Muhsin Khan And abundant spoils that they will capture. And Allah is Ever All-Mighty, All-Wise. Yusuf Ali And many gains will they acquire (besides): and Allah is Exalted in Power, Full of Wisdom. Dr. Ghali And much booty (The Arabic words are plural) for them to take; and Allah has been Ever-Mighty, Ever-Wise. Tafsir al-Jalalayn and abundant spoils which they will capture, from Khaybar, and God is ever Mighty, Wise, that is to say, He is ever possessed of such attributes. | | 48:20 | Transliteration WaAAadakumu Allahu maghanimakatheeratan ta/khuthoonaha faAAajjala lakum hathihiwakaffa aydiya annasi AAankum walitakoona ayatanlilmu/mineena wayahdiyakum siratan mustaqeema Sahih International Allah has promised you much booty that you will take [in the future] and has hastened for you this [victory] and withheld the hands of people from you - that it may be a sign for the believers and [that] He may guide you to a straight path. Muhsin Khan Allah has promised you abundant spoils that you will capture, and He has hastened for you this, and He has restrained the hands of men from you, that it may be a sign for the believers, and that He may guide you to a Straight Path. Yusuf Ali Allah has promised you many gains that ye shall acquire, and He has given you these beforehand; and He has restrained the hands of men from you; that it may be a Sign for the Believers, and that He may guide you to a Straight Path; Dr. Ghali Allah has promised you much booty (The Arabic words are plural) to take; so He has (quickly) hastened it to you, and has restrained the hands of mankind from you, and that it may be a sign to the believers, and to guide you on a straight Path. Tafsir al-Jalalayn God has promised you abundant spoils which you will capture, through the [various] conquests. So He has expedited this one, the spoils of Khaybar, for you, and withheld men’s hands from you, with regard to your families, after you had set off [on the campaign], as the Jews had intended [to plot] against them; but God cast terror into their hearts; so that it, the expedited one (wa-li-tak?na is a supplement to an implied verb, that is to say, li-tashkur?hu, ‘that you may give thanks to Him’) may be a sign for the believers, of their being assisted [by God], and that He may guide you on a straight path, that is to say, the way in which you should rely on Him and entrust any affair to Him, exalted be He; | | 48:21 | Transliteration Waokhra lam taqdiroo AAalayhaqad ahata Allahu biha wakana AllahuAAala kulli shay-in qadeera Sahih International And [He promises] other [victories] that you were [so far] unable to [realize] which Allah has already encompassed. And ever is Allah , over all things, competent. Muhsin Khan And other (victories and much booty there are, He promises you) which are not yet within your power, indeed Allah compasses them, And Allah is Ever Able to do all things. Yusuf Ali And other gains (there are), which are not within your power, but which Allah has compassed: and Allah has power over all things. Dr. Ghali And other (booty) which you were not able to (take), Allah has encompassed it already; and Allah has been Ever-Determiner over everything. Tafsir al-Jalalayn and others (wa-ukhr? is an adjectival qualification of the implied subject magh?nima, ‘spoils’) which you were not able to capture — namely, [spoils] from the Persians and the Byzantines; God has verily encompassed these [already], that is to say, He knows that they will be yours. And God has power over all things, that is to say, He is ever possessed of such an attribute. | | 48:22 | Transliteration Walaw qatalakumu allatheenakafaroo lawallawoo al-adbara thumma la yajidoonawaliyyan wala naseera Sahih International And if those [Makkans] who disbelieve had fought you, they would have turned their backs [in flight]. Then they would not find a protector or a helper. Muhsin Khan And if those who disbelieve fight against you, they certainly would have turned their backs, then they would have found neither a Wali (protector) nor a helper. Yusuf Ali If the Unbelievers should fight you, they would certainly turn their backs; then would they find neither protector nor helper. Dr. Ghali And if the ones who have disbelieved fought you, indeed they would have turned their backs; thereafter they will find neither a patron nor a ready vindicator. Tafsir al-Jalalayn And if those who disbelieve had fought you, at al-Hudaybiyya, they would have turned their backs [to flee] — then they would not have found any protector, to guard them, or helper. | | 48:23 | Transliteration Sunnata Allahi allatee qad khalat minqablu walan tajida lisunnati Allahi tabdeela Sahih International [This is] the established way of Allah which has occurred before. And never will you find in the way of Allah any change. Muhsin Khan That has been the Way of Allah already with those who passed away before. And you will not find any change in the Way of Allah. Yusuf Ali (Such has been) the practice (approved) of Allah already in the past: no change wilt thou find in the practice (approved) of Allah. Dr. Ghali The enactment of Allah, which has already passed away earlier, and you will never find any exchange (s) to the enactment of Allah. Tafsir al-Jalalayn [That is] the way of God (sunnata’Ll?hi is a verbal noun emphasising the import of the preceding sentence about the defeat of the disbelievers and the victory of the believers, that is to say, sanna’Ll?hu dh?lika sunnatan, ‘God has established this as [His] way [of dealing with believers and disbelievers]’) which has taken its course before, and you will never find in God’s way any change, by Him. | | 48:24 | Transliteration Wahuwa allathee kaffa aydiyahumAAankum waaydiyakum AAanhum bibatni makkata min baAAdi anathfarakum AAalayhim wakana Allahubima taAAmaloona baseera Sahih International And it is He who withheld their hands from you and your hands from them within [the area of] Makkah after He caused you to overcome them. And ever is Allah of what you do, Seeing. Muhsin Khan And He it is Who has withheld their hands from you and your hands from them in the midst of Makkah, after He had made you victors over them. And Allah is Ever the All-Seer of what you do. Yusuf Ali And it is He Who has restrained their hands from you and your hands from them in the midst of Makka, after that He gave you the victory over them. And Allah sees well all that ye do. Dr. Ghali And He is (The One) Who restrained their hands from you, and your hands from them, in the hollow (Literally: the belly, i.e., the midst of makkah) of Makkah, even after He had made you to win over them; and Allah has been Ever-Beholding whatever you do. Tafsir al-Jalalayn And it is He Who withheld their hands from you, and your hands from them, in the valley of Mecca, at al-Hudaybiyya, after He had made you victors over them: for eighty of them surrounded your camp in order to inflict losses upon you, but they were captured and taken to the Prophet (s), who pardoned them and set them free, and this resulted in the truce. And God is ever Seer of what you do (read ta‘mal?na, or ya‘mal?na, ‘they do’), that is to say, He is ever possessed of this attribute. | | 48:25 | Transliteration Humu allatheena kafaroo wasaddookumAAani almasjidi alharami walhadyamaAAkoofan an yablugha mahillahu walawla rijalunmu/minoona wanisaon mu/minatun lam taAAlamoohum antataoohum fatuseebakum minhum maAAarratun bighayriAAilmin liyudkhila Allahu fee rahmatihi man yashaolaw tazayyaloo laAAaththabna allatheenakafaroo minhum AAathaban aleema Sahih International They are the ones who disbelieved and obstructed you from al-Masjid al-Haram while the offering was prevented from reaching its place of sacrifice. And if not for believing men and believing women whom you did not know - that you might trample them and there would befall you because of them dishonor without [your] knowledge - [you would have been permitted to enter Makkah]. [This was so] that Allah might admit to His mercy whom He willed. If they had been apart [from them], We would have punished those who disbelieved among them with painful punishment Muhsin Khan They are the ones who disbelieved (in the Oneness of Allah Islamic Monotheism), and hindered you from Al-Masjid-al-Haram (the sacred mosque of Makkah) and the sacrificial animals, detained from reaching their place of sacrifice. Had there not been believing men and believing women whom you did not know, that you may kill them, and on whose account a sin would have been committed by you without (your) knowledge, that Allah might bring into His Mercy whom He will, if they (the believers and the disbelievers) should have been apart, We verily had punished those of them who disbelieved, with painful torment. Yusuf Ali They are the ones who denied Revelation and hindered you from the Sacred Mosque and the sacrificial animals, detained from reaching their place of sacrifice. Had there not been believing men and believing women whom ye did not know that ye were trampling down and on whose account a crime would have accrued to you without (your) knowledge, (Allah would have allowed you to force your way, but He held back your hands) that He may admit to His Mercy whom He will. If they had been apart, We should certainly have punished the Unbelievers among them with a grievous Punishment. Dr. Ghali They are (the ones) who disbelieved and barred you from the Inviolable Mosque and (barred) the consecrated offering (also) from reaching its lawful destination. And had it not been for (some) believing men and (some) believing women whom you did not know, (for fear) that you should trample (i.e., kill them) them, and so dishonor would afflict you on their account without (your) knowing it, that Allah may cause whomever He decides to enter into His mercy. If they (i.e., believers and disbelivers) had been made clearly distinct, indeed We would have tormented the ones who disbelieved among them with a painful torment. Tafsir al-Jalalayn They are the ones who disbelieved and barred you from the Sacred Mosque, that is, [barred you] from reaching it, and [prevented] the offering (wa’l-hadya is a supplement to the [suffixed pronoun] –kum, ‘you’ [of sadd?kum, ‘they barred you’]), which was detained (ma‘k?fan is a circumstantial qualifier), from reaching its destination, that is, [from] the place at which it is customarily sacrificed, namely, the Sanctuary [itself] (an yablugha mahillahu, is an inclusive substitution). And were it not for [some of] the believing men and believing women, being present at Mecca alongside the disbelievers, whom you did not know, to be believers — lest you should trample them, that is to say, [lest] you should slay them together with the disbelievers, had you been given permission to embark on the conquest (an tata’?hum is an inclusive substitution for –hum, ‘them’ [of lam ta‘lam?hum, ‘whom you did not know’]), and thus incur sin on account of them without, your, knowing, it … (the third person pronouns in both groups [of people] predominantly imply males; the response to lawl?, ‘were it not’, has been omitted [through ellipsis], being [something along the lines of] la-udhina lakum f?’l-fathi, ‘you would have been permitted to embark on the conquest’), but permission for this was not given at the time, so that God may admit into His mercy whom He will, such as those believers mentioned. Had they been clearly separated, [had] they [the believers] been distinguishable from the disbelievers, We would have surely chastised the disbelievers among them, of the people of Mecca [immediately] thereat, by permitting you to go ahead with the conquest thereof, with a painful chastisement. | | 48:26 | Transliteration Ith jaAAala allatheena kafaroofee quloobihimu alhamiyyata hamiyyata aljahiliyyatifaanzala Allahu sakeenatahu AAala rasoolihi waAAalaalmu/mineena waalzamahum kalimata attaqwa wakanooahaqqa biha waahlaha wakana Allahubikulli shay-in AAaleema Sahih International When those who disbelieved had put into their hearts chauvinism - the chauvinism of the time of ignorance. But Allah sent down His tranquillity upon His Messenger and upon the believers and imposed upon them the word of righteousness, and they were more deserving of it and worthy of it. And ever is Allah , of all things, Knowing. Muhsin Khan When those who disbelieve had put in their hearts pride and haughtiness the pride and haughtiness of the time of ignorance, then Allah sent down His Sakinah (calmness and tranquillity) upon His Messenger ( SAW) and upon the believers, and made them stick to the word of piety (i.e. none has the right to be worshipped but Allah), and they were well entitled to it and worthy of it. And Allah is the All-Knower of everything. Yusuf Ali While the Unbelievers got up in their hearts heat and cant - the heat and cant of ignorance,- Allah sent down His Tranquillity to his Messenger and to the Believers, and made them stick close to the command of self-restraint; and well were they entitled to it and worthy of it. And Allah has full knowledge of all things. Dr. Ghali As the ones who have disbelieved (got) in their hearts haughtiness, the haughtiness of (pagan) ingnorance, then Allah sent down His serenity upon His Messenger and upon the believers, and He imposed upon them the word of piety, and they were truly worthier of it and (qualified) population for it; and Allah has been Ever-Knowing of everything. Tafsir al-Jalalayn When those who disbelieve (alladh?na kafar? is the subject [of the following verb ja‘ala]) nourished (idh ja‘ala is semantically connected to ‘adhdhabn?) in their hearts zealotry (al-hamiyya, [means] ‘disdain of something’), the zealotry of pagandom (hamiyyata’l-j?hiliyyati substitutes for al-hamiyyata, ‘zealotry’), namely, their barring of the Prophet and his Companions from [visiting] the Sacred Mosque, [but] then God sent down His spirit of Peace upon His Messenger and the believers, and so they [the disbelievers] made a truce with them on the condition that they [the believers] would [be allowed to] return the following year, and [such] zealotry would not overcome them [the believers] as it did the disbelievers [then] until they would come to fight them [later], and He made them, the believers, abide by the word of God-fearing (kalimata’l-taqw?): ‘there is no god except God, [and] Muhammad is His Messenger’ (it [kalima, ‘word’] is annexed to al-taqw? because it is the cause of it), for they were worthier of it, of the word, than the disbelievers, and deserving of it (wa-ahlah? is an explanatory supplement). And God is ever Knower of all things, that is to say, He is ever possessed of such an attribute, and among the things He knows is that they are worthy of it. | | 48:27 | Transliteration Laqad sadaqa Allahu rasoolahuarru/ya bilhaqqi latadkhulunnaalmasjida alharama in shaa Allahu amineenamuhalliqeena ruoosakum wamuqassireena latakhafoona faAAalima ma lam taAAlamoo fajaAAala mindooni thalika fathan qareeba Sahih International Certainly has Allah showed to His Messenger the vision in truth. You will surely enter al-Masjid al-Haram, if Allah wills, in safety, with your heads shaved and [hair] shortened, not fearing [anyone]. He knew what you did not know and has arranged before that a conquest near [at hand]. Muhsin Khan Indeed Allah shall fulfil the true vision which He showed to His Messenger (SAW) [i.e. the Prophet SAW saw a dream that he has entered Makkah along with his companions, having their (head) hair shaved and cut short] in very truth. Certainly, you shall enter Al-Masjid-al-Haram; if Allah wills, secure, (some) having your heads shaved, and (some) having your head hair cut short, having no fear. He knew what you knew not, and He granted besides that a near victory. Yusuf Ali Truly did Allah fulfil the vision for His Messenger: ye shall enter the Sacred Mosque, if Allah wills, with minds secure, heads shaved, hair cut short, and without fear. For He knew what ye knew not, and He granted, besides this, a speedy victory. Dr. Ghali Indeed Allah has already sincerely vouchsafed to His Messenger the vision with the Truth: "Indeed you will definitely enter the Inviolable Mosque, in case Allah (so) decides, secure, (some of you) heads clean-shaven, (and some) hair cut short, not fearing." Yet He knew what you did not know, and so set up (Literally: made) for you, apart from that, a near conquest. Tafsir al-Jalalayn Verily God has fulfilled the vision for His Messenger in all truth: The Messenger of God (s) saw in his sleep, in the year of al-Hudaybiyya before his departure [from Medina], that he would enter Mecca together with his Companions safely, whereafter they would shave [completely] or shorten [their hair]. He informed his Companions of this and they rejoiced. But when they set off with him [from Medina], and the disbelievers impeded them at al-Hudaybiyya such that they had to retreat, which was distressing for them, for some of the hypocrites began to have doubts [about the Prophet’s sincerity], this [verse] was revealed (bi’l-haqqi, ‘in all truth’, is semantically connected to sadaqa, ‘fulfilled’, or it is a circumstantial qualifier referring to al-ru’y?, ‘the vision’, and what comes after it is the explanation thereof): ‘You will assuredly enter the Sacred Mosque, God willing — this is [said] to secure blessings — in safety, to shave your heads, that is, all the hair, or to shorten [it], [to shorten] some of the hair (both muhalliq?na and muqassir?na are implied circumstantial qualifiers), without any fear’, ever. So He knew, [there to be] in the truce, what you did not know, in the way of reconciliation [between the believers and the Meccans], and assigned [you] before that, entry, a near victory, namely, the conquest of Khaybar — the vision was fulfilled in the following year. | | 48:28 | Transliteration Huwa allathee arsala rasoolahu bilhudawadeeni alhaqqi liyuthhirahu AAala addeenikullihi wakafa billahi shaheeda Sahih International It is He who sent His Messenger with guidance and the religion of truth to manifest it over all religion. And sufficient is Allah as Witness. Muhsin Khan He it is Who has sent His Messenger (Muhammad SAW) with guidance and the religion of truth (Islam), that He may make it (Islam) superior over all religions. And All-Sufficient is Allah as a Witness. Yusuf Ali It is He Who has sent His Messenger with Guidance and the Religion of Truth, to proclaim it over all religion: and enough is Allah for a Witness. Dr. Ghali He is (The One) Who has sent His Messenger with the guidance and the religion of the Truth, that He (would) make it topmost above all religion; and Allah suffices as an Ever-Present Witness. Tafsir al-Jalalayn It is He Who has sent His Messenger with guidance and the religion of truth, that He may make it, that is, the religion of truth, prevail over all religion, over all the other religions. And God suffices as witness, to the fact that you have been sent with what has been mentioned, as God, exalted be He, says: | | 48:29 | Transliteration Muhammadun rasoolu Allahi wallatheenamaAAahu ashiddao AAala alkuffari ruhamaobaynahum tarahum rukkaAAan sujjadan yabtaghoona fadlanmina Allahi waridwanan seemahum feewujoohihim min athari assujoodi thalika mathaluhumfee attawrati wamathaluhum fee al-injeelikazarAAin akhraja shat-ahu faazarahu fastaghlathafastawa AAala sooqihi yuAAjibu azzurraAAaliyagheetha bihimu alkuffara waAAada Allahuallatheena amanoo waAAamiloo assalihatiminhum maghfiratan waajran AAatheema Sahih International Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah ; and those with him are forceful against the disbelievers, merciful among themselves. You see them bowing and prostrating [in prayer], seeking bounty from Allah and [His] pleasure. Their mark is on their faces from the trace of prostration. That is their description in the Torah. And their description in the Gospel is as a plant which produces its offshoots and strengthens them so they grow firm and stand upon their stalks, delighting the sowers - so that Allah may enrage by them the disbelievers. Allah has promised those who believe and do righteous deeds among them forgiveness and a great reward. Muhsin Khan Muhammad (SAW) is the Messenger of Allah, and those who are with him are severe against disbelievers, and merciful among themselves. You see them bowing and falling down prostrate (in prayer), seeking Bounty from Allah and (His) Good Pleasure. The mark of them (i.e. of their Faith) is on their faces (foreheads) from the traces of (their) prostration (during prayers). This is their description in the Taurat (Torah). But their description in the Injeel (Gospel) is like a (sown) seed which sends forth its shoot, then makes it strong, it then becomes thick, and it stands straight on its stem, delighting the sowers that He may enrage the disbelievers with them. Allah has promised those among them who believe (i.e. all those who follow Islamic Monotheism, the religion of Prophet Muhammad SAW till the Day of Resurrection) and do righteous good deeds, forgiveness and a mighty reward (i.e. Paradise). Yusuf Ali Muhammad is the messenger of Allah; and those who are with him are strong against Unbelievers, (but) compassionate amongst each other. Thou wilt see them bow and prostrate themselves (in prayer), seeking Grace from Allah and (His) Good Pleasure. On their faces are their marks, (being) the traces of their prostration. This is their similitude in the Taurat; and their similitude in the Gospel is: like a seed which sends forth its blade, then makes it strong; it then becomes thick, and it stands on its own stem, (filling) the sowers with wonder and delight. As a result, it fills the Unbelievers with rage at them. Allah has promised those among them who believe and do righteous deeds forgiveness, and a great Reward. Dr. Ghali Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and (the ones) who are with him are strict against the steadfast disbelievers, constantly merciful among themselves. You see them constantly bowing themselves, (and) constantly prostrating themselves, seeking Grace from Allah and all-blessed Satisfaction. Their mark is on their faces, (being) the trace of prostration; that is their likeness in the Tawrah; (the Book revealed to Musa (Moses), of which the extant Torah is a corruption) and their likeness in the Injil (The Book revealed to clea (Jesus), of which the extant Gospel is a corruption) is as a plantation that brings out its shoot; then it upholds it; then it grows stout; then it matures level upon its stalks, wonderful to the diligent planters, that through them He may enrage the steadfast disbelievers. Allah has promised the ones of them who have believed and done deeds of righteousness forgiveness and a magnificent reward. Tafsir al-Jalalayn Muhammad (the subject) is the Messenger of God (its predicate) and those who are with him, that is, his Companions from among the believers (wa’lladh?na ma‘ahu, [another] subject, the predicate of which [is the following, ashidd?’u]) are hard, tough, against the disbelievers, showing them no mercy [but], merciful among themselves (ruham?’u is a second predicate [of wa’lladh?na ma‘ahu, ‘and those who are with him’]), that is to say, they show mutual sympathy and affection for one another, much like a father and a son. You see, you observe, them bowing, prostrating [in worship] (both rukka‘an and sujjadan are circumstantial qualifiers). They seek (yabtagh?na is the beginning of a new sentence) bounty from God and beatitude. Their mark (s?m?hum is a subject), their distinguishing feature, is on their faces (f? wuj?hihim is its predicate): this is a light and a radiance by which, in the Hereafter, they will be recognised as having been those who used to prostrate in this world, from the effect of prostration (min athari’l-suj?di is semantically connected to the same thing to which the predicate is semantically connected, that is to say, k?’inatan, ‘[this] being [from the effect of prostration]’; syntactically, it is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the subject [of k?’inatan], which is also the subject of the predicate [sc. wuj?hihim, ‘their faces’]). That, mentioned description, is their description (mathaluhum is the subject) in the Torah (f?’l-tawr?ti is the predicate thereof); and their description in the Gospel (wa-mathaluhum f?’l-inj?li, is a subject, the predicate of which is [what follows]) is as a seed that sends forth its shoot (read shat’ahu or shata’ahu) and strengthens it (read ?zarahu or azarahu), nourishing it and assisting it, and it grows stout and rises firmly, becoming strong and upright, upon its stalk, its roots (s?q is the plural of s?q), delighting the sowers, that is to say those who planted it, on account of its fairness. The Companions, may God be pleased with them, are being described in this way, for at the outset they were weak and very few in number; but then their number grew and they acquired strength in the most wholesome way, so that He may enrage the disbelievers by them (li-yagh?za bihimu’l-kuff?ra is semantically connected to an omitted clause, which is suggested by what preceded, that is to say, ‘they are likened to this [so that God may enrage the disbelievers]’). God has promised those of them who believe and perform righteous deeds, the Companions (minhum, ‘of them’: min, ‘of’, is an indicator of the genus and not partitive, for they are all possessed of the mentioned attributes) forgiveness and a great reward — Paradise. Both of these [rewards] will also be given to those who will come after them, as is stated in other verses. |
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